Democritus and Leucippus were the first people to have the idea of atoms. If it wasn't for them, I don't even think we would know anything about atoms.
Dalton made the Dalton's Theory: all matter is made of atoms and are indivisible and indestructible, all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms, a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
Thompson contributed to the atom theory because he was the first person to suggest that there are electrons, or negative charged particles, in the atoms.
I think the main difference between all of them was the technology they had or they used for their findings. Democritus and Leucippus didn't have many things to use to research about the atoms. Dalton and Thompson contributed to the findings of atoms later, once there was more technology that they could use to research about them.
So, overall, the time period had a major contribution to the finding of the atoms. Because it was later in time, Dalton and Thompson could add on to the conclusion of Democritus' and Leucippus' theory because they had more technology and knowledge from experience.
The atomic theory is still a theory because we could still add on to it once we have more technology and understand the atom more. We are still not completely done researching the atom, so we cannot say that the theory is 100% completely true.
I feel like the most recent development that involves the atom is the atomic bomb. It was a major discovery for our lands.
The structure of an atom is important because it will help us research more things about atoms that we still need to know about them, and it also helps us understand what we already know about them.
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